Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality
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Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality

 
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Ed Huber
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Posted: Sun Oct 30, 2005 3:24 am    Post subject: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has to do
with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium. When a
piano is played, the musical notes are presented over a time-space. That
means that the notes and their harmonic structure arrive at the ear in a
pictular sequence. If this sequence is disturbed, some harmonics will arrive
late. That means that they are not there to harmonize with other notes so
some harmonics wind up cancelling out other harmonics and information is
lost. Harmonics that are late can also harmonize with other notes, creating
harmonic structure that does not exist in the note. When there is
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming". To understand this space-time enviroment
easier, one can look at the notes on a professional digital recording
display such as ProTools. (it looks like a seismograph) and expand it down
to milliseconds to see how harmonics interact. This is my theory, and I
welcome any input on this discussion..........Ed Huber

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Gary Eickmeier
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Posted: Sun Oct 30, 2005 11:10 pm    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Ed Huber wrote:

Quote:
The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance

I think you'll have to work on your premise, Ed. Shouldn't put in a lot
of work on something that you haven't shown to be true first.

Do you have some basis or evidence for your premise?

Gary Eickmeier
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chung
Guest





Posted: Tue Nov 01, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Ed Huber wrote:
Quote:
The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has to do
with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium.

Hold it right there. All that is important in audio reproduction is the
voltage waveforms arriving at the speaker (or headphone) terminals.
Space has no relevance.

If the cables (or amplifiers) can alter the voltage waveform
significantly, then the sound quality is affected. That's the only way
cables (or amplifers) can affect sound quality. Nothing to do with any
imaginary space-time issues.

Cables are passive devices, and their effect is to cause a tiny amount
of signal loss. Any competent cable, like the 12-ga ones you find at
Home Depot, causes so little loss that you cannot hear any sonic
degradation. It's really that simple.

Quote:
When a
piano is played, the musical notes are presented over a time-space. That
means that the notes and their harmonic structure arrive at the ear in a
pictular sequence. If this sequence is disturbed, some harmonics will arrive
late. That means that they are not there to harmonize with other notes so
some harmonics wind up cancelling out other harmonics and information is
lost. Harmonics that are late can also harmonize with other notes, creating
harmonic structure that does not exist in the note. When there is
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming". To understand this space-time enviroment
easier, one can look at the notes on a professional digital recording
display such as ProTools. (it looks like a seismograph) and expand it down
to milliseconds to see how harmonics interact. This is my theory, and I
welcome any input on this discussion..........Ed Huber
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Guest






Posted: Tue Nov 01, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Ed Huber wrote:
Quote:
The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has to do
with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium. When a
piano is played, the musical notes are presented over a time-space. That
means that the notes and their harmonic structure arrive at the ear in a
pictular sequence. If this sequence is disturbed, some harmonics will arrive
late. That means that they are not there to harmonize with other notes so
some harmonics wind up cancelling out other harmonics and information is
lost. Harmonics that are late can also harmonize with other notes, creating
harmonic structure that does not exist in the note. When there is
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming". To understand this space-time enviroment
easier, one can look at the notes on a professional digital recording
display such as ProTools. (it looks like a seismograph) and expand it down
to milliseconds to see how harmonics interact. This is my theory, and I
welcome any input on this discussion..........Ed Huber

That's a theory? It's not much of a theory. Sort of like the theory of
the Brontosaurus by Anne Elk.

"A: The Theory, by A. Elk [Miss]. My theory is along the following
lines...
C: [under breath]God!
A: ...All brontosauruses are thin at one end; much, much thicker in the
middle and then thin again at the far end. That is the theory that I
have and which is mine and what it is, too.
C: That's it, is it?
A: Right, Chris!
C: Well, Anne, this theory of yours seems to have hit the nail right on
the
head.
A: ... and it's mine.

http://www.serve.com/bonzai/monty/classics/MissAnneElk
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Gary Eickmeier
Guest





Posted: Wed Nov 02, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

chung wrote:
Quote:
Ed Huber wrote:

The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has
to do with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium.


Hold it right there. All that is important in audio reproduction is the
voltage waveforms arriving at the speaker (or headphone) terminals.
Space has no relevance.

If the cables (or amplifiers) can alter the voltage waveform
significantly, then the sound quality is affected. That's the only way
cables (or amplifers) can affect sound quality. Nothing to do with any
imaginary space-time issues.

I don't believe it is necessary to retain the exact waveform in order
for the signal to sound the same as another. You can alter phase quite a
bit before any audible results follow. I would also challenge the
statement that all that is important in audio reproduction is the
voltage waveforms arriving at the speaker terminals. There is a lot more
to it than that!

GAry Eickmeier
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jav
Guest





Posted: Wed Nov 02, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

I think timing errors in cables are unlikely. If electricity travels at the
speed of light (or close to it) that's 186,000 miles/second. The timing
differences by frequency over the course of a 1 meter interconnect or 8 foot
speaker cable are infintesimally small, certainly below the threshold for
humans to detect without instrumentation. Jitter in digital sources has
been documented as an explanation for the difference in sound from
sources such as the LP and that may be plausible. I don't dispute the
difference
in sound among electronics and cables, I just don't think your hypothesis
explains it.
" Ed Huber" <eahuber@cox.net> wrote in message
news:dk0srq01s0a@news4.newsguy.com...
Quote:
The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has to
do
with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium. When a
piano is played, the musical notes are presented over a time-space. That
means that the notes and their harmonic structure arrive at the ear in a
pictular sequence. If this sequence is disturbed, some harmonics will
arrive
late. That means that they are not there to harmonize with other notes so
some harmonics wind up cancelling out other harmonics and information is
lost. Harmonics that are late can also harmonize with other notes,
creating
harmonic structure that does not exist in the note. When there is
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital
recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming". To understand this space-time enviroment
easier, one can look at the notes on a professional digital recording
display such as ProTools. (it looks like a seismograph) and expand it down
to milliseconds to see how harmonics interact. This is my theory, and I
welcome any input on this discussion..........Ed Huber
Back to top
Chung
Guest





Posted: Thu Nov 03, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Gary Eickmeier wrote:
Quote:
chung wrote:
Ed Huber wrote:

The reason that cables (and electronics) affect sonic performance has
to do with the fact that music is presented in a time-space contunium.


Hold it right there. All that is important in audio reproduction is the
voltage waveforms arriving at the speaker (or headphone) terminals.
Space has no relevance.

If the cables (or amplifiers) can alter the voltage waveform
significantly, then the sound quality is affected. That's the only way
cables (or amplifers) can affect sound quality. Nothing to do with any
imaginary space-time issues.

I don't believe it is necessary to retain the exact waveform in order
for the signal to sound the same as another.

Note that I said that if the waveforms are altered *significantly*, then
the sound quality is affected. Of course, there are always some
measureable alterations, but those may be below thresholds of audibility.

I never said that the waveforms have to be exactly preserved. In fact, I
said that speaker cables cause a slight reduction in voltage.

Quote:
You can alter phase quite a
bit before any audible results follow. I would also challenge the
statement that all that is important in audio reproduction is the
voltage waveforms arriving at the speaker terminals. There is a lot more
to it than that!

The speakers can only respond to the voltage waveforms across its
terminals. What you can hear have to come from the speakers. Unless you
are talking imaginary stuff, what you hear is the result of the voltages
across the speakers only.

Unless you are talking about performance of speakers etc., the result of
all those electronics and cables is to deliver voltage waveforms to the
speaker terminals. But the OP was talking about how cables and
amplifiers affect sound quality (see title of thread).

Quote:

GAry Eickmeier
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Guest






Posted: Sat Nov 05, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Actually, electricity travels far 'faster' in a cable than in space.
The analogy of a cable is water in a pipe. Water goes in one end, and
out the other, but depending on the length of the pipe (which in the
case of a cable is always 'full'), it may be a considerable time that
water put into the north end of the pipe actually reaches the south end
of the pipe. However, the receiver at the south end perceives the
delivery of 'water' as being instantaneous. However, water sprayed
through free air must travel the full distance from north to south
before the person receiving the water perceives it.

A cable has some inherent losses. Spraying a hose has much larger
inherent losses. So FM tuners measure reception current in microvolts.
Audio transducers (Speakers) get volts. As to cables affecting
performance, sure. Always. Every item every step of the way affects
performance. The question remains as to whether this is measurable,
significant or audible in that order. Why the hierarchy?

Measurable: Many things may be measured to a fare-the-well, but have no
significant and/or audible affect on the result.

Significant: Listener Fatigue is a very real phenomenon. Some systems
create fatigue in some listeners, others do not. Some of these very
subtle artifacts from components, bad recordings, bad whatevers
contribute to listener fatigue, but may not be overtly audible. For
example, were you to listen to a recording with a ~22khz sine wave
imposed on it at a high enough volume that your tweeter would reproduce
it even down as much as 10dB from your average signal, you would be
acutely uncomfortable in a relatively short time, even if normally
stone-deaf at that frequency. The subtle harmonics set up would set
your teeth (if any) on edge, even if you could not discern why.

Audible: In an A/B comparison, you would immediately pick out the
difference one-from-another, more than say.... 66.667% of the time.

This is important. Lots of things like phase distortion, like poor room
acoustics (standing waves, poor speaker placement) and other rather
simple items can REALLY screw up a listening environment, leaving their
victims blaming the innocent rather than focusing on the real problem.

Examples: A cryogenically treated receptacle will make an audible
and/or significant difference at the end of several hundred miles of
power-lines, transformers, switches, fuses an circuit breakers, and
imposed-noise from tens of thousands of other users on the same main
power source. Or a super-heavy-duty line-cord made from gold-plated
cold-drawn silver wire will make a difference feeding into ~20gauge
transformer winding wire.... or a cadmium-plated tube pin.

Peter Wieck
Wyncote, PA
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Guest






Posted: Sun Nov 06, 2005 1:05 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

pfjw@aol.com wrote:
Quote:
Actually, electricity travels far 'faster' in a cable than in space.

Actually, it does not.

Quote:
The analogy of a cable is water in a pipe. Water goes in one end, and
out the other, but depending on the length of the pipe (which in the
case of a cable is always 'full'), it may be a considerable time that
water put into the north end of the pipe actually reaches the south end
of the pipe. However, the receiver at the south end perceives the
delivery of 'water' as being instantaneous. However, water sprayed
through free air must travel the full distance from north to south
before the person receiving the water perceives it.

You're describing the difference between electron drift velocity in a
conductor vs the progation velocity of the electromagnetic field
down the conductor. The signal is carried by the propogation of the
EM field, not by the electrons.

In that case, the EM field propogation velocity in a conductor IS, most
definitely, lower than that of the EM field propogation velocity in air
or
in vacuo. In vacuo, the propogation velocity is around 300,000,000
meters per second, and while still very fast, is a fraction (though
most of the time a sizeable fraction) of that velocity.

And this is yet apart from the velocity of sound in air at typical
temperatures,, which is on the order of about 345 m/s, about 1
millionth that of the EM propogation velocity.

Let's not confuse electron drift velocity, EM progation velocity and
acoustic propogation velcoity, as you seem to have done.

Quote:
A cable has some inherent losses. Spraying a hose has much larger
inherent losses. So FM tuners measure reception current in microvolts.

Huh? FM tuners have sensitivities in the nicrovolt equivalent at a
specific transmission line impedance of maybe microvolts, but
most assuredly deal with signal levels ranging from there to many
orders of magnitude higher.

Be that as it may, what on earth does that have to do with "cable
losses?"

Quote:
Audio transducers (Speakers) get volts.

Really? A typical headphone producing speaking-voice level
signals is actually handling signals averaging in range of
millivolts.
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stealthaxe
Guest





Posted: Wed Nov 09, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

pfjw@aol.com wrote in news:dkh1k20dnd@news1.newsguy.com:

Quote:
Examples: A cryogenically treated receptacle will make an audible
and/or significant difference at the end of several hundred miles of
power-lines, transformers, switches, fuses an circuit breakers, and
imposed-noise from tens of thousands of other users on the same main
power source. Or a super-heavy-duty line-cord made from gold-plated
cold-drawn silver wire will make a difference feeding into ~20gauge
transformer winding wire.... or a cadmium-plated tube pin.

this is an interesting point.

i haven't replaced the power cables on my equipment, but i did do something
else, and i did notice a difference.

i installed (yes, i have the right certifications) a 30 amp dedicated
circuit for my audio gear, using 8/3 STRANDED copper wire (normally a house
in the US will be wired with 12/2 or 12/3).

this has made a noticeable difference. well, for one thing, my lights
don't flicker when i have the volume cranked :-). but for another, the
bass is more "in your face" for lack of a better description. The outlets
I used are rated 20A each. since I used 8/3 the ground is supported with
two different wires.

i'm sure this upgrade did more for me than any simple 3 foot aftermarket
power cable is going to do. it's over 70 feet to my electrical box, and
the old wiring actually went the LONG way to get there.

an upgrade i'd definitely recommend. don't forget - leave power work to
people who are trained to do it. otherwise it can be very dangerous.

--
stealthaxe
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Guest






Posted: Thu Nov 10, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Yes, I run all four of my active audio systems on dedicated circuits.
It is not so much that the load on those circuits is not well within
the limitations of standard household wiring, but it does significantly
reduce any imposed noise on the system from local sources... the worst
of which are some brands of lighting dimmers favored by several
neighbors.

8/3 stranded is a bit of overkill, but over 70 feet that does reduce
line-loss considerably. 8-3 TW stranded is rated at about 40 amps, and
if it is 8/3 thhn, and in metal conduit, it can be upped to 50A. So
running it at 30A is even better. The only question I have is your
statement "the ground is supported with the two different wires"....
That is NOT the point of the ground, current carrying capacity. What is
the point of the ground is to provide a separate path for the current
should the primary path fail, or should the equipment leak. What you DO
NOT want to do is connect the ground to the neutral WITHIN the
receptacle. Really. Now, if you are in some parts of Europe where both
the hot and the neutral (as commonly called in the US) are floating
with reference to ground, you need to be VERY careful with what you are
describing. If you do not have a separate ground, GET ONE RUN. For
purely safety and functional purposes, it need not be the same gauge as
the main conductors, nor even run on the same path in total (although
this configuration DOES violate several parts of the code!!). But for
your health and those of others, a good thing to get in place. At the
very least, get a dead-front GFIC Device in place. With this you are
able to violate code and get some (relative) safety at your equipment
without a separate ground.

I really hope I am misunderstanding what you wrote, and that you are
saying that there is a separate ground from the "old" power run, the
8/3 being only for the hot/neutral connections to the receptacle (and I
will not even get into the potential for 220V residing within the wall
box).

Peter Wieck
Wyncote, PA
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hubert pellikaan
Guest





Posted: Sat Nov 12, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

Ed Huber wrote:
When there is
Quote:
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming".

Well there is also a theory that for proper timing there should not be
a phase shift within the audible domain: a 20 khz square wave should be
no problem. When a 20 khz square wave is not square, it means there is
phase shift (or something more serious!) and this will be audible, even
when not hearing 20 khz, which I fi dont.

A sine wave bandwith of 20 khz is not very important to judge phase
shifts.

The effect of cables is hard to judge, signal speed is seriously high
so that's probably not it. I notice sound effects (altough not in
timing) using pure silver instead of copper (both cheap ones). I never
noticed any effect of cables (only copper ones), but now I do, but I
dont know why there is an effect.
There exists a theory about internal electromagnetism in a conductor, a
bit like calculating z=Omega* L WITHIN a single conductor. Maybe this
is also an Eddy current brake like theory.
The outcome of this theory is: use a thinner conductor! (maybe some
parrallel, Litz!)

I personally believe in SET , no feedback and very wide bandwith,
combined with single driver setup -> no phaseshift in the signal path!

But there are many ways to heaven ;-)

hubert
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Stewart Pinkerton
Guest





Posted: Mon Nov 14, 2005 12:19 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

On 12 Nov 2005 01:31:39 GMT, "hubert pellikaan" <hubert@feyecon.com>
wrote:

Quote:
Ed Huber wrote:

When there is
significant timing errors, we call that"jitter". Earlier digital recordings
had audible "artifacts" in reproduction. Cables play in important part in
preserving this "microtiming".

No, they don't. Period.

Quote:
Well there is also a theory that for proper timing there should not be
a phase shift within the audible domain: a 20 khz square wave should be
no problem. When a 20 khz square wave is not square, it means there is
phase shift (or something more serious!) and this will be audible, even
when not hearing 20 khz, which I fi dont.

A half-decent decent looking 20kHz square wave will require a flat
system response out to at least 140kHz, which is a ridiculous
requirement of any audio system. Basically, your premise is nonsense.
More importantly, there is very little evidence that a good 1kHz
square wave response is *audibly* different from one with quite severe
phase errors. This is likely why one seldom sees such a test quoted in
loudspeaker reviews. There was a brief vogue for 'time aligned'
speakers in the '80s, with Technics and others printing square wave
responses, but that rapidly died away.

Quote:
A sine wave bandwith of 20 khz is not very important to judge phase
shifts.

The effect of cables is hard to judge, signal speed is seriously high
so that's probably not it. I notice sound effects (altough not in
timing) using pure silver instead of copper (both cheap ones). I never
noticed any effect of cables (only copper ones), but now I do, but I
dont know why there is an effect.

Actually, you don't hear any such thing, but that's another matter!

Quote:
There exists a theory about internal electromagnetism in a conductor, a
bit like calculating z=Omega* L WITHIN a single conductor. Maybe this
is also an Eddy current brake like theory.
The outcome of this theory is: use a thinner conductor! (maybe some
parrallel, Litz!)

You're talking about skin effect, and it's negligible in any normal
domestic setup. Litz construction does provide *theoretical* benefits
due to low inductance, but I have never come across anyone who can
actually *hear* such differences, even with fifteen feet of such cable
driving a low-impedance load, and compared to a cable with extremely
high inductance.

Quote:
I personally believe in SET , no feedback and very wide bandwith,
combined with single driver setup -> no phaseshift in the signal path!

Actually, such a setup will have very high phaseshift at the listening
p[osition, whreas a large planar driven by a decent SS amplifier can
exhibit an excellent square wave response - well beyond anyhtng
possible with say a Lowther and Ongaku.

Quote:
But there are many ways to heaven ;-)

And in the opposite direction, also.........
--

Stewart Pinkerton | Music is Art - Audio is Engineering
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Guest






Posted: Mon Nov 14, 2005 5:42 am    Post subject: Re: Why cables and amplifiers affect sound quality Reply with quote

I think the term you are working towards is "headroom"...

And a very powerful SS amp as you say of "decent" design will blow the
socks off of _any_ low-power amp, no matter how clean when actual
demands are made on it, such as peak-to-average sources of 20db or
over.

Is this where you are going? Certainly the system interconnects unless
they are extreme examples either in length or composition (50 feet of a
single 30 gauge strand of unshielded copper, for instance) will not
make one whit of difference at the ear.

This is assuming no corrosion, good connections, and
all-other-things-being-equal, of course.

As to 'single driver'... YIKES. Unless one is assuming a pretty massive
electrostatic driver with an unusual amount of possible excursion, any
'single driver' is incapable of reproducing the entire audible range of
frequencies. Flatly. Pun intended. A 12" standard-design woofer has a
surface area of R-squared x 3.14158, voice-coil diameter neglected.
That comes to ~113 square inches. Give the coil a one-inch excursion,
that allows the movement of ~65 cubic inches of air per 1/2 cycle.
Pretty good for bass, Now, a 1" dome speaker has 0.79 square inches of
surface area. Assume a 1/4" excusion, that allows the movement of 0.20
cubic inches of air per 1/2 cycle (the inherent design of a dome has no
fixed edge as a cone does). Good for treble. But to make a single
driver of _any_ size handle the entire audible spectrum with any level
of fidelity and volume is simply idiotic. Period.

As an aside, Bose speakers have this premise, all frequencies from a
single-sized driver.... with exactly the level of success one would
expect from such a design.

Peter Wieck
Wyncote, PA
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