Can DVDs have "laser rot"

Before DVDs there were laserdiscs (see 2.6), which were occasionally subject to what was commonly called laser rot: the deterioration of the aluminum layer due to oxidation or other chemical change. This usually results from the use of insufficiently pure metal for the reflective coating created during replication, but can be exacerbated by mechanical shear stress due to bending, warping or thermal cycles (the large size of laserdiscs makes them flexible, so that movement along the bond between layers can break the seal -- this is called delamination). Deterioration of the data layer can be caused by chemical contaminants or gases in the glue, or by moisture that penetrates the plastic substrate.

Like laserdiscs, DVDs are made of two platters glued together, but DVDs are more rigid and use newer adhesives. DVDs are molded from polycarbonate, which absorbs about ten times less moisture than the slightly hygroscopic acrylic (PMMA) used for laserdiscs.

DVDs can have delamination problems, partly because some cases or players hold too tightly to the hub. Delamination by itself can cause problems (because the data layer is no longer at the correct distance from the surface) and can also lead to oxidation. Delamination may appear as concentric rings or a "stain" around the hub.

So far DVDs have had few "DVD rot" problems. There have been reports of a few discs going bad, possibly due to delamination, contaminated adhesive, chemical reactions, or oxidation of the reflective layer (see mindspring.com/~yerington/ and www.andraste.org/discfault/discfault.htm). The most likely explanation for DVD deterioration is that during the early days of DVD (1997-2000), disc manufacturing processes and materials were not as good as they should have been. Many improvements have been made since then, so the minuscule problem has probably become even more minuscule.

There are also occasional reports of "cloudiness" or "milkiness" in DVDs, which can be caused by improper replication. An example is when the molten plastic cools off too fast or isn't under enough pressure to completely fill all the bumps in the mold (see this archived article from TapeDisc Business for more). Minimal clouding doesn't hurt playback and doesn't seem to deteriorate. If you can see something with your naked eye it is probably not oxidation or other deterioration.

The result of deterioration is that a disc which played perfectly when it was new develops problems later, such as skipping, freezing, or picture breakup. If a disc seems to go bad, make sure it's not dirty, scratched, or warped (see 1.39). Try cleaning it and try playing it in other players. If the disc consistently has problems, it may have deteriorated. If so, there's nothing you can do to fix it, so you should try to get a replacement from the supplier.